先更新系统包到最新

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apt update
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apt full-upgrade
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apt --purge autoremove

重启系统

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reboot

更新 sources.list

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cp -v /etc/apt/sources.list /opt/sources.list-bakup-debian11

更新debian12包数据

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apt update

升级Debian12

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apt full-upgrade

按需选择然后重启

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reboot

重启后验证

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lsb_release -a
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cat /etc/os-release

确认升级无误后删除旧包

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apt --purge autoremove